Lima

The Ri’mac valley in Peru has been inhabited for millennia. In 1535, Francisco Pizarro made an ancient city in the valley the center of Spain’s control over the former Inca Empire. Originally named Ciudad de los Reyes, it eventually came to be known as Lima, an adaptation of its Incan name. When Peru gained independence in 1821, the city became the new nation’s capital. This photo was taken in 1868. In the 1880s, Lima was occupied by Chile, but eventually returned to Peruvian control.

Image: “Street scene, Lima” by Villroy Richardson (1868). From the Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints, and Photographs, New York Public Library